Zeppelin Hindenburg
The Future Of The World Is Hydrogen
Fossil fuels are running out, there are may different timescales predicted but even by the most optimistic predictions, by the end of this century we will no longer be filling our petrol tanks at our local petrol stations. As the years roll by, we are being all the more pressed into adapting a hydrogen economy. It would be a colossal transformation of our society, in the present climate we depend for almost everything upon fossil fuels. We heat our homes, places of work, places of leisure; power our transportation; light our cities, towns and villages; communicate across distances; produce clothes, household appliances and methods of transportation with fossil fuels. Indeed, it is hard to think of anything that is not drawn into the net of fossil fuel dependency. In addition, oil is regularly the source of many of the world'sproblems with wars and fighting breaking out over it's ownership and appropriation. It would indeed be a colossal transformation but it is a transformation that is necessary, some forecast that our resources of crude oil will be exhausted within the next forty years. There are other options to the hydrogen model but they encompass dirtier fossil fuels - coal, tar sand and heavy oil; which are not really valid options as they will only continue to worsen global warming and contribute to the destruction of precious eco-systems. Hydrogen economy is the way forward - it is the most basic and omnipresent element in the universe, it is renewable, it produces no harmful omissions and its only by-products are heat and pure water. In addition, it can power all of the things listed above that are presently powered by fossil fuels. Amazingly, it would also eradicate our current dependency on oil producing countries because hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water, people can even produce it in their own homes using quite basic technology.
There are two possible sources for creating hydrogen. Firstly, it can be created by electrolysis of water, where you split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and pure oxygen. Secondly, it can be created by reforming fossil fuels - oil and natural gas both contain hydrocarbons which are molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device named a fuel processor or reformer you can spilt the hydrogen from the carbon. However, using this method, you discard the carbon into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. This second matter of course does not rid society of it's economic dependency and it continues to destroy the environment. But this is the method that is being touted for fuel cell powered vehicles because petroleum is an easily available hydrogen source until there are hydrogen stations located as widespread as petrol station currently are. But there is no doubt that the first option is the better one, however that option faces a major hurdle. Electrolysis of water requires electricity, we need to figure out how to generate that electricity without using fossil fuels. Of course, there are currently several methods of doing so, including nuclear power, hydroelectric dams, solar cells, wind turbines, geothermal power, wave and tidal power or co-generation (biomass fuels).The problem is that currently these would not provide near enough electricity to create sufficient hydrogen for all the world's needs. So realistically, we need to increase the amount of electricity produced by these methods most probably concentrating on nuclear and solar power. However, there are problems associated with this as nuclear power has political and environmental issues and solar power provides problems with location and cost. Another issue with putting pure hydrogen vehicles on the road is with the storage and transportation. Hydrogen is a bulky gas and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy than the same volume of petroleum.
However, scientists are beginning to develop strategies to overcome these problems. For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride, when the solution releases its hydrogen , it turns into borax which can be recycled. Fuel cell technology is pretty similar to that of a car battery, in that hydrogen and oxygen are combined to produce electricity. But unlike the battery, the fuel cell does not need to be recharged, it can run continuously because it's fuel and oxygen are external. Pure hydrogen gas is fed to the anode, which is one of two electrodes in the cell, the hydrogen atoms of their electrons, transforming them into hydrogen ions, which are then passed through an electrolyte to a second electrode known as the cathode. This electron movement produces electric current, the intensity of which depends on the size of the electrodes. At the cathode. The electrons are brought back together with their ions and combined with oxygen to produce one of the cell's major by-products - water. The other by-product is heat which can be captured and used again in a co-generation process. Hydrogen economy would transform society completely, no longer would energy be in the hands of global conglomerates. Instead, every human being with access to renewable energy sources could produce their own energy. Millions of these small producers of energy could connect their fuel cells into local, regional and national publicly owned Hydrogen Energy Webs (HEWs). Commuters could feasibly drive to work, park, plug their fuel cells into a hydrogen line attached to the building's fuel cell and their cars could produce electricity which they could sell back to the grid while they worked! So, it looks like old Hydrogen is making a comeback after it's rather dodgy flash in the pan as a mass consumer product ended in the 1930s when the German zeppelin Hindenburg exploded in New Jersey.
About the Author
Russell Shortt is a travel consultant with Exploring Ireland, the leading specialists in customised, private escorted tours, escorted coach tours and independent self drive tours of Ireland. Article source Russell Shortt, http://www.exploringireland.net http://www.visitscotlandtours.com
Hindenburg disaster
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