Very Fine

Very Fine

The IRS Raids Plan Promoter Benistar - Large IRS Fines For Participation in 419, 412i, Captive Insurance and Section 79

By Lance Wallach

Recently IRS raided Benistar and its successor, the Grist Mill Trust, the promoter and operator of one of the better known and more heavily scrutinized of the Section 419 life insurance plans. IRS attacked the Benistar 419 plan, and one of its tactics was to demand the names of all the clients Benistar worked with — so they could be audited by the IRS, Benistar refused to give the names and actually appealed the decision to turn over the names. The appeal was unsuccessful, but Benistar officials still refused to give up the names. Recently, the IRS raided the Benistar office and took hundreds of boxes of information, which included information on clients who were in their 419 plan. In documents filed by Benistar itself, they stated that 35 to 50 armed IRS agents descended upon their office to seize documents.

IRS has visited, and is still visiting most of the other plans and obtaining names of participants, selling insurance agents, accountants, etc. They have a whole task force devoted to auditing 419, 412i and other abusive plans.

It's important to understand what could happen to unsuspecting business owners if they get involved in plans that are not above board. Their names could be turned over to the IRS, where audits could ensue, and where the outcome could be the payment of back taxes and significant penalties. Then they would be fined another time under Section 6707A for not properly reporting on themselves.

Most 419 life insurance and 412i defined benefit pension plans were sold to successful business owners as plans with large tax deductions where money would grow tax free until needed in retirement. I would speak at national accounting and other conventions talking about the problems with most of these plans. I would be attacked by some attendees who where making large insurance commissions selling the plans. I would try to warn insurance company home office executives, but they too had their heads in the sand because of all the money these plans brought in. Then the IRS got tough and started fining the unsuspecting business owners hundreds of thousands a year for not reporting on themselves for being in the plan. The agents and insurance companies advise against filing. "This is a good plan. We have approval." Not only were the business owners fined under IRS Code 6707A, but the insurance agents were also fined $100,000 for not reporting on themselves. Accountants who signed tax returns are even being fined 100,000 by IRS. Then the business owners sue the accountants, insurance agents, etc. I have been following these scenarios for a long time. In fact, I have been an expert witness in many of these cases, and my side has never lost.

Most promoters of 419 plans told clients that their plans complied with the laws and, therefore, were not listed tax transactions. Unfortunately, the IRS doesn't care what a promoter of a tax-avoidance plan says; it makes its own determination and punishes those who don't comply.

The McGehee Family Clinic, P.A. was recently hit with back taxes and a penalty under Code Sec. 666A in conjunction with a deduction to the Benistar 419 plan

Dr. McGehee's clinic took a deduction for a 419 plan (the Benistar plan) back in 2005. Eventually, the McGhee Family Clinic was audited. After the audit, the doctor was told that the deduction would be disallowed and that back taxes were due. Additionally, Dr. McGehee was hit with a 20 percent accuracy-related penalty under Code Sec. 6662A. Finally, the tax court sustained the IRS's determination that McGehee was subject to the increased 30 percent penalty, because its return did not include a disclosure statement indicating its participation in the Benistar Trust. I think that in addition to the aforementioned fines, IRS will now fine him, both on a corporate and personal level, another $200,000 or more, under IRC 6707A, for not properly disclosing his participation in a listed transaction. There was a moratorium on those fines until June 2010, pending new legislation to reduce them. The fines had been $200,000 per year on the corporate level and $100,000 per year on the personal level. You got the fine even if you made no contributions for the year. All you had to do was to be in the plan. So Dr. McGehee's fine would be a total of $300,000 per year for every year that he and his corporation were in the plan.

IRS also says the fine is not appealable. His fine would be in the million-dollar range and it would be in addition to the back taxes, interest, and penalties already discussed earlier in this paragraph.

Legislation just passed slightly reducing those fines, but you still have to properly file to start the Statute of Limitations running to avoid the fines. IRS is fining people who report on themselves, but make a mistake on the forms.  Now that the moratorium on the fines has passed, and so has the new legislation, IRS has aggressively moved to fine unsuspecting business owners hundreds of thousands. This is usually after they get audited, and sometimes reach agreement with IRS. Then another division or department of the IRS imposes a fine under 6707A. I am receiving a lot of phone calls from business owners who this is happening to. Unfortunately, some of these people already had called me. I warned them to properly file under 6707A. Either they did not believe me - it is unbelievable -  or their accountant or tax attorney filed incorrectly. Then they called again after being fined.

If you were involved with one of these abusive plans, there are steps that you can take to minimize IRS problems. With respect to filing under Section 6707A, I know the two best people in the country at filing after the fact, which is what you would be doing at this point, and still somehow avoiding the fine. It is an art that both learned through countless hours of research and numerous conversations with IRS personnel. Both have filed dozens of times for clients, after the fact, without the clients being fined. Either may well still be able to help you.

And the right accountant, one with the proper knowledge, experience, and Service contacts, can help with the other IRS problems as well. I recall a case where a CPA I knew and recommended was able to get $300,000 or so in liabilities reduced to three thousand dollars and change. Do not count on a result like this, but help is available.

Stay away from 419 and similar plans like Section 79 plans. Be very careful with 412i plans. Avoid most captive insurance plans. It's not worth it!

It's getting closer to the end of the year. This is when every scammer known to man/woman comes out of the woodwork to sell some fly-by-night tax-deductible plan to clients. Sometimes they come in the form of an accountant, insurance agent-financial planner, or even an attorney. I see this in all of my expert witness cases and when I speak at conventions. I have seen this since the 1990s. I wanted to remind readers that, if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

Lance Wallach, National Society of Accountants Speaker of the Year and member of the AICPA faculty of teaching professionals, is a frequent speaker on retirement plans, financial and estate planning, and abusive tax shelters.  He writes about 412(i), 419, and captive insurance plans. He speaks at more than ten conventions annually, writes for over fifty publications, is quoted regularly in the press and has been featured on television and radio financial talk shows including NBC, National Pubic Radio's All Things Considered, and others. Lance has written numerous books including Protecting Clients from Fraud, Incompetence and Scams published by John Wiley and Sons, Bisk Education's CPA's Guide to Life Insurance and Federal Estate and Gift Taxation, as well as AICPA best-selling books, including Avoiding Circular 230 Malpractice Traps and Common Abusive Small Business Hot Spots. He does expert witness testimony and has never lost a case. Contact him at 516.938.5007, wallachinc@gmail.com or visit www.taxaudit419.com.

The information provided herein is not intended as legal, accounting, financial or any type of advice for any specific individual or other entity. You should contact an appropriate professional for any such

About the Author

Lance Wallach, captive insurance and Section 79 plan expert, is the nation's leading authority on resolving IRS tax problems for individuals and businesses.

Mr. Wallach, National Society of Accountants' Speaker of the Year, is a member of the AICPA faculty of teaching professionals and he is a renowned national expert witness in many 419, 412i, and financial abuse cases. To date his side has never lost a case.

Mr. Wallach is often a featured speaker at national conventions for CPAs, attorneys, and business owners and other entrepreneurs, and has over 30 years experience helping people get the most possible money back from the IRS.  He can be contacted at 516-938-5007 or wallachinc@gmail.com, or visit www.taxadvisorexperts.org.

Lance Wallach is the author of many best selling accounting, taxation, and financial books, including:

  • Wealth Preservation Planning by the National Society of Accountants
  • The CPA's Guide to Federal and Estate Gift Taxation published by Bisk
  • The AICPA's The Team Approach to Tax, Financial and Estate Planning
  • The CPA's Guide to Life Insurance by Bisk CPEasy
  • Avoiding Circular 230 Malpractice Traps and Common Abusive Small Business Hot Spots by the AICPA author / moderator Lance Wallach

Amazing spiderman #33 in Very Fine condition


PLAYBOY NOVEMBER 1970 VERY FINE MAGAZINE PLUS EXTRAS
PLAYBOY NOVEMBER 1970 VERY FINE MAGAZINE PLUS EXTRAS
$12.95
Time Remaining: 29d 17h 39m
Buy It Now for only: $12.95
Buy It Now

RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS VERY FINE FULL GUM SOME NH  SOME  4scans
RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS VERY FINE FULL GUM SOME NH SOME 4scans
$14.54 (13 Bids)
Time Remaining: 54m


RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS VERY FINE FULL GUM SOME NH  SOME
RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS VERY FINE FULL GUM SOME NH SOME
$3.50 (5 Bids)
Time Remaining: 48m


RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS VERY FINE FULL GUM SOME NH  SOME  2scans
RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS VERY FINE FULL GUM SOME NH SOME 2scans
$6.50 (6 Bids)
Time Remaining: 49m


Animal Man 1 Very Fine Near Mint First Print DC New 52 Lemire Foreman
Animal Man 1 Very Fine Near Mint First Print DC New 52 Lemire Foreman
$10.95
Time Remaining: 29d 19h 13m
Buy It Now for only: $10.95
Buy It Now

MALTA 1965 LOT OF MINT NEVER HINGED COMPLETE SETS VERY FINE
MALTA 1965 LOT OF MINT Never Hinged Complete Sets VERY FINE
$2.99 (1 Bid)
Time Remaining: 1h 27m


MALTA 1973 MICHEL 457 471 MINT NEVER HINGED COMPLETE SET VERY FINE
MALTA 1973 MICHEL 457 471 MINT NEVER HINGED Complete Set VERY FINE
$7.50
Time Remaining: 1h 28m


WOMENS VERY FINE PROFESSIONAL BALLROOM CLOSE TOE BLACK METALLIC DANCE SHOES
WOMENS VERY FINE PROFESSIONAL BALLROOM CLOSE TOE BLACK METALLIC DANCE SHOES
$9.95
Time Remaining: 13h 59m


LOTR TCG Lord of the Rings TCG CCG Collection Promo Lot Sets
LOTR TCG Lord of the Rings TCG CCG Collection Promo Lot Sets
$6.00
Time Remaining: 20d 2h 10m
Buy It Now for only: $6.00
Buy It Now

1862 Lg Size Two Dollar Note Fr 41 Chittenden Spinner S N 55357 Very Fine NR
1862 Lg Size Two Dollar Note Fr 41 Chittenden Spinner S N 55357 Very Fine NR
$695.00 (1 Bid)
Time Remaining: 19h 4m


RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS RARITY UNSIMILAR SURCHARGE ON PAIR VERY FINE FULL GUM
RUSSIA LEVANT STAMPS RARITY UNSIMILAR SURCHARGE ON PAIR VERY FINE FULL GUM
$1.75 (2 Bids)
Time Remaining: 55m


Walking Dead Weekly 2 First Print Very Fine Image Comics Kirkman Moore AMC
Walking Dead Weekly 2 First Print Very Fine Image Comics Kirkman Moore AMC
$9.99
Time Remaining: 21d 15h 56m
Buy It Now for only: $9.99
Buy It Now

1899 S Barber Half Dollar a very good to fine example of a lower mintage coin
1899 S Barber Half Dollar a Very Good to fine example of a lower mintage coin
$3.05 (2 Bids)
Time Remaining: 17h 25m


Womens Salsa Ballroom Tango Brown Satin Dance Shoes Sz 75 25 Very Fine 6829
Womens Salsa Ballroom Tango Brown Satin Dance Shoes Sz 75 25 Very Fine 6829
$44.99
Time Remaining: 18h 28m


1373 AH 1954 Saudi Arabia 10 Riyals Haj Pilgrim Banknote  Very Fine  Crispy
1373 AH 1954 Saudi Arabia 10 Riyals Haj Pilgrim Banknote Very Fine Crispy
$49.88 (32 Bids)
Time Remaining: 3h 13m


1964 EWL EXTRA WATER LINE VERY FINE CANADIAN NICKEL ERROR VARIETY 5c COIN
1964 EWL EXTRA WATER LINE VERY FINE CANADIAN NICKEL ERROR VARIETY 5c COIN
$20.00
Time Remaining: 9d 18h 26m
Buy It Now for only: $20.00
Buy It Now

SERIES 1914 10 FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE VERY FINE
SERIES 1914 10 FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE VERY FINE
$46.01 (6 Bids)
Time Remaining: 7h 49m


SERIES 1914 10 FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE VERY FINE
SERIES 1914 10 FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE VERY FINE
$51.01 (8 Bids)
Time Remaining: 7h 48m


1968 Saudi Arabia 10 Riyals Banknote  Very Fine  Crispy F ++
1968 Saudi Arabia 10 Riyals Banknote Very Fine Crispy F ++
$5.50 (11 Bids)
Time Remaining: 3h 17m


1918 D Mercury Head Dime  VERY FINE  I i
1918 D Mercury Head Dime VERY FINE I i
$14.00
Time Remaining: 29d 11h 46m
Buy It Now for only: $14.00
Buy It Now

SG117Pl6with top margin attachedVery fine used
SG117Pl6with top margin attachedVery fine used
$18.23 (5 Bids)
Time Remaining: 1h 5m


1892 CC High Grade Very Fine Plus Silver Morgan Dollar Better Date Coins
1892 CC High Grade Very Fine Plus Silver Morgan Dollar Better Date Coins
$96.99 (11 Bids)
Time Remaining: 12h 2m


 1862 1 LEGAL TENDER  GREENBACK  PMG VERY FINE 30 EPQ
1862 1 LEGAL TENDER GREENBACK PMG VERY FINE 30 EPQ
$1,375.00
Time Remaining: 29d 18h 51m
Buy It Now for only: $1,375.00
Buy It Now

10 Very Fine to Unc 1923 Peace Dollars
10 Very Fine to Unc 1923 Peace Dollars
$249.31 (5 Bids)
Time Remaining: 18h 2m


10 Oz Engelhard Bar 999 Fine Silver 10 Troy Ounces Very Old Ser  P378548
10 Oz Engelhard Bar 999 Fine Silver 10 Troy Ounces Very Old Ser P378548
$340.00 (10 Bids)
Time Remaining: 19h 10m


Womens Salsa Ballroom Tango Latin Black Dance Shoes Sz 9 25 Very Fine 5008
Womens Salsa Ballroom Tango Latin Black Dance Shoes Sz 9 25 Very Fine 5008
$44.99
Time Remaining: 1d 18h 24m


1848 Braided Hair Large Cent 1c VERY FINE VF US Antique Copper Coin
1848 Braided Hair Large Cent 1c VERY FINE VF US Antique Copper Coin
$25.99
Time Remaining: 2d 10h 11m
Buy It Now for only: $25.99
Buy It Now

Vintage 1970s 9ct Gold 3 Stone CZ Very Realistic Ring size M
Vintage 1970s 9ct Gold 3 Stone CZ Very Realistic Ring size M
$54.99
Time Remaining: 3h 58m


MALTA 1965 MICHEL 301 319 MINT NEVER HINGED COMPLETE SET VERY FINE
MALTA 1965 MICHEL 301 319 MINT NEVER HINGED COMPLETE SET VERY FINE
$7.99
Time Remaining: 1h 27m


Silver Certificate 1 1899 Black Eagle PMG Graded very fine 25 Net
Silver Certificate 1 1899 Black Eagle PMG Graded very fine 25 Net
$81.00 (8 Bids)
Time Remaining: 3d 10h 53m


GLASS BEAD 11 Very Fine 25 lbs Sand Blast Cabinet BLASTING MEDIA
GLASS BEAD 11 Very Fine 25 lbs Sand Blast Cabinet BLASTING MEDIA
$22.95
Time Remaining: 25d 20h 34m
Buy It Now for only: $22.95
Buy It Now

VERY FINE BEAUTIFUL VINTAGE CHINESE SILK BROCADE ROBE WITH DRAGONS
VERY FINE BEAUTIFUL VINTAGE CHINESE SILK BROCADE ROBE WITH DRAGONS
$162.50 (2 Bids)
Time Remaining: 10h 4m


Silver Certificate 1 1899 Black Eagle PMG Graded very fine 20 Net
Silver Certificate 1 1899 Black Eagle PMG Graded very fine 20 Net
$51.00 (9 Bids)
Time Remaining: 3d 9h 42m


Black Canary 1 4 Complete Set 2007 Green Arrow Speedy VERY FINE NEAR MINT
Black Canary 1 4 Complete Set 2007 Green Arrow Speedy VERY FINE NEAR MINT
$4.99
Time Remaining: 6d 2h 33m
Buy It Now for only: $4.99
Buy It Now

1934 OBSOLETE FED RESERVE NOTE CERTIFIED BY PCGS 35PPQ VERY FINE LGS N R F23
1934 OBSOLETE FED RESERVE NOTE CERTIFIED BY PCGS 35PPQ VERY FINE LGS N R F23
$680.00 (9 Bids)
Time Remaining: 19h 1m


1860 5 MINERS AND PLANTERS BANK NOTE OBSOLETE MURPHY NC VERY FINE
1860 5 MINERS AND PLANTERS BANK NOTE OBSOLETE MURPHY NC VERY FINE
$32.55 (6 Bids)
Time Remaining: 16h 18m


Womens Salsa Ballroom Tango Brown Satin Dance Shoes Sz 75 3 Very Fine 6030
Womens Salsa Ballroom Tango Brown Satin Dance Shoes Sz 75 3 Very Fine 6030
$44.99
Time Remaining: 2d 18h 47m


SPECTACULAR SPIDER MAN 233 APRIL 1996 VERY FINE NEAR MINT CONDITION
SPECTACULAR SPIDER MAN 233 APRIL 1996 VERY FINE NEAR MINT CONDITION
$3.00
Time Remaining: 29d 12h 19m
Buy It Now for only: $3.00
Buy It Now

LOT X 3 BRONZE ROMAN COINS IN FINE CONDITION VERY NICE LOT  SEE PICS
LOT X 3 BRONZE ROMAN COINS IN FINE CONDITION VERY NICE LOT SEE PICS
$2.37 (2 Bids)
Time Remaining: 7h 10m


1878 CC MORGAN DOLLAR VERY FINE+ EXTRA FINE KEY DATE C2415
1878 CC MORGAN DOLLAR VERY FINE+ EXTRA FINE KEY DATE C2415
$55.00 (6 Bids)
Time Remaining: 17h 45m


MALTA 1960 1963 LOT OF MINT NEVER HINGED COMPLETE SETS VERY FINE
MALTA 1960 1963 LOT OF MINT NEVER HINGED COMPLETE SETS VERY FINE
$2.99 (1 Bid)
Time Remaining: 1h 26m


SPECTACULAR SPIDER MAN 229 OCTOBER 1995 VERY FINE NEAR MINT CONDITION
SPECTACULAR SPIDER MAN 229 OCTOBER 1995 VERY FINE NEAR MINT CONDITION
$3.00
Time Remaining: 29d 12h 15m
Buy It Now for only: $3.00
Buy It Now

Very fine GOLD crystals  27 grams
Very fine GOLD crystals 27 grams
$137.50 (9 Bids)
Time Remaining: 17h 41m


10 Very Fine to Unc 1922 Peace Dollars
10 Very Fine to Unc 1922 Peace Dollars
$249.32 (5 Bids)
Time Remaining: 17h 53m


SgO108 1d scarlet VERY FINE used CDS Cat 22
SgO108 1d scarlet VERY FINE used CDS Cat 22
$21.99
Time Remaining: 29d 11h 22m
Buy It Now for only: $21.99
Buy It Now

SERIES 1922 20 DOLLAR GOLD CERTIFICATE VERY FINE
SERIES 1922 20 DOLLAR GOLD CERTIFICATE VERY FINE
$112.50 (15 Bids)
Time Remaining: 7h 53m


10 Oz Engelhard Bar 999 Fine Silver 10 Troy Ounces Very Old Ser  P378573
10 Oz Engelhard Bar 999 Fine Silver 10 Troy Ounces Very Old Ser P378573
$295.01 (10 Bids)
Time Remaining: 1d 19h 3m


1923 S PEACE SILVER DOLLAR VERY FINE OR BETTER CONDITION
1923 S PEACE SILVER DOLLAR VERY FINE OR BETTER CONDITION
$15.50 (3 Bids)
Time Remaining: 16h 26m


SCOTT U403 VERY FINE MINT CUT SQUARE
SCOTT U403 VERY FINE MINT CUT SQUARE
$7.00
Time Remaining: 29d 17h 28m
Buy It Now for only: $7.00
Buy It Now

PRC 1080 83 Very Fine Never Hinged
PRC 1080 83 Very Fine Never Hinged
$49.95 (1 Bid)
Time Remaining: 14h 35m


PRC 1126 29 Very Fine Never Hinged
PRC 1126 29 Very Fine Never Hinged
$49.95 (1 Bid)
Time Remaining: 14h 38m

Clancy & Millie and the Very Fine House
Clancy & Millie and the Very Fine House
List Price: $16.99
Sale Price: $13.59
You save: $3.40 (20%)
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 7 to 13 days
See Reviews For This Product

Description

Two new neighbors discover that friends are what make a house a home Clancy has just moved. He is missing his old house terribly—the new house is much too big and much too lonely—and he wonders how he will ever make it his home...

CIA Masters Collection 6-3/4-Inch Very Fine Mesh Strainer
CIA Masters Collection 6-3/4-Inch Very Fine Mesh Strainer
List Price: $27.50
Sale Price: $27.46
You save: $0.04 (%)
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 24 hours
See Reviews For This Product

Description

The CIA Masters Collection 6.75" Fine Mesh Strainer handles larger portions of sauces, gravies, and vegetables. A stress-free grip comes from the long-curved handle that has a channel for extra comfort...

L'Oreal Kerastase Nutritive Masquintense Concentrated Nourishing Treatment 200g/6.8oz - for Fine, Very Dry and Sensitized Hair
L'Oreal Kerastase Nutritive Masquintense Concentrated Nourishing Treatment 200g/6.8oz - for Fine, Very Dry and Sensitized Hair
Sale Price: $42.99
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 24 hours
See Reviews For This Product

Description

Buy L'Oreal Hair & Scalp Treatments - L'Oreal Kerastase Nutritive Masquintense Concentrated Nourishing Treatment 200g/6.8oz - for Fine, Very Dry and Sensitized Hair. How-to-Use: Apply a quarter-sized amount to towel-dried hair and massage through from roots to ends...

3M Wetordry 9087NA Sandpaper, 9-Inch x 11-Inch, 5-Sheet, Very Fine-Grit
3M Wetordry 9087NA Sandpaper, 9-Inch x 11-Inch, 5-Sheet, Very Fine-Grit
Sale Price: $5.99
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 24 hours
See Reviews For This Product

Description

Ideal for wet sanding between coats of varnish, paint, and other finishes. Made with silicon carbide to cut fast and satin smooth. 9" x 11". 5 sheets per pack. No. 9084: Ultra fine grit No. 9085: Super fine No...

Sharpie Permanent Marker Fine Tip 5 Pack
Sharpie Permanent Marker Fine Tip 5 Pack
List Price: $6.29
Sale Price: $1.75
You save: $4.54 (72%)
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 1-2 business days
See Reviews For This Product

Description

Sharpie Fine Point Permanent Markers, 5 Black Markers (1752374)

A Very Fishy Christmas
A Very Fishy Christmas
Sale Price: $1.99
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 1-2 business days
See Reviews For This Product
Very Fine Love
Very Fine Love
Sale Price: $13.39
See Reviews For This Product

Description

The one-time queen of swinging Britain left her current home in a tiny village near where she grew up outside of London to come to Nashville to record 1995's A Very Fine Love, her first album since 1990...

Royal, Std. Size (90-160 lbs) Very Sexy Fine Opaque Tights for Women
Royal, Std. Size (90-160 lbs) Very Sexy Fine Opaque Tights for Women
List Price: $4.99
Sale Price: $2.99
You save: $2.00 (40%)
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 1-2 business days
See Reviews For This Product

Description

Color In Motion! Color Your Legs in These Fashionable Opaque Tights. Color Choices! (shoes not included)

Our House (Is A Very Very Very Fine House)
Our House (Is A Very Very Very Fine House)
Sale Price: $0.99
  Eligible for free shipping!
Availability: Usually ships in 1-2 business days
See Reviews For This Product
Art History: A Very Short Introduction
Art History: A Very Short Introduction
List Price: $8.95
See Reviews For This Product

Description

This clear and concise new introduction examines all the major debates and issues using a wide range of well-known examples. It discusses the challenge of using verbal and written language to analyse a visual form...






Leave a Reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.


Copyright © 2008-. History Through Stamps - All Rights Reserved.