Union Ussr
Travel to Eastern Europe, Ukraine, Kiev
7 neglected technical wonders of the USSR Balaklava, Crimea, Ukraine the Secret submarine base in the small Crimean town Balaklava - one of the largest military objectives, appearing abandoned after disintegration of the USSR
From 1961 under the mountain of Tavros a complex appeared, where the weapons (including nuclear weapon) were kept and where submarine and ships used to be repaired. More than 14 submarines of different classes could hide in, and all complex was able to survive after the direct shot of nuclear bomb power to 100 kT. The object was abandoned in 1993. It was plundered on a scrap-metal by local citizens and only in 2002 this submarine base was opened as a museum complex.
Neglected rocket mine, Kekava, Latvia
After disintegration of empire a lot of munition went to young countries, including a lot of mines of ballistic rockets in forests. Quite not far from the capital of Latvia there are tailings of rocket complex «Dvina». The object was built in 1964, it consisted of 4 starting mines about 35 meters under the ground. Considerable part of halls is flooded nowadays, and a visit of this mines without an experienced guide is not recommended. Also of poisonous rocket fuel is very dangerous for health.
Huge lifting cranes, Moscow area
To 1993 Lopatinskiy a phosphorite mine was a fully successful minefield, where the most necessary agriculture minerals was obtained for the whole soviet union. And with arrival of market economy the neglected careers with giant excavators became the place of pilgrimage of tourists. It is needed to hurry with a visit, enormous mechanical dinosaurs are gradually taken apart on a scrap-metal. But even after plunder of the last technique of Lopatinskiy career will be the place with very beautiful landscapes. And by the way, here it is still possible to find the fossils of ancient marine inhabitants.
Zagorizontnaya RLS Arc, Pripyat', Ukraine
Titanic building, built in 1985 for finding out the starts of intercontinental ballistic rockets, would successfully function until today, but in fact worked less than one year. Giant aerial in 150 meters high and long 800 consumed such amount of electric power, that was built practically close to Chernobyl nuclear station , and, also, halted the work together with the explosion of the nuclear station. Nowadays to Pripyat' and including to the foot RLS are excursions, but to climb 150-meter high try only a few.
City on the sea shore «Neftianye Kamni», Azerbaijan
Soviet Union needed oil and in 40th of the last century in the Caspian sea in 42 kilometres to the East from the Apsheronskogo peninsula it began. And round the first platforms began to grow a city, also located on metallic trestles and embankments. During the good economic period in Soviet Union at sea in a 110 km from Baku power-stations, nine-storeyed buildings of dormitories, hospitals, house of culture, bakery and even lemonade workshop were built. There was a small park with the real trees for the workers. Neftianye Kamni are more than 200 stationary platforms, and the extent of streets of the city is around 350 kilometres on the sea. But cheap Siberian oil did the marine city unprofitable and settlement began to come in desolation. Today here lives about 2 thousand people only.
Station of study of ionosphere, Zmiev, Ukraine
Practically before disintegration of Soviet Union near Kharkov the station of ionosphere researches, which was analogue to the American project HAARP on Alaska, was built, which successfully functioning today. The complex of the station consisted of a few antenna fields and giant parabolic aerial a diameter 25 meters, able to radiate power around 25 MW. But for the young Ukrainian state the modern and a very expensive, scientific apparatus was useless, and nowadays only tourists are interested in the secret station.
Kreshatyk and Independence Square in Kiev
Kreshatyk is the main street of Kiev. With a tree alley on one side and no traffic on weekends and holidays, people gather to sit, chat and drink here. Every weekend there is an event or a concert taking place or at least music is played. On one end of Khreshatik there is the famous Bessarabka market - originally it was a market with goods brought by peasants from Bessarabia - Moldova. Today, the ground floor is fully occupied by vegetables, fruits, flowers, spices, meat, cheese, fish, caviar and other specialities and all the vendors are trying to pull you to their stand to try and buy. It is one of the few places where you can get any kind of fruit or vegetable all year round but it will also cost you. From outside, the building is filled with restaurants, snack bars, shops and cafes. There is a non stop tearoom, sushi bar, pizza fast food and other venues.
Walking to the other end of the 1300 meters long street you'll get to Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square). The square is a mixture of different styles - the Soviet type hotel Ukraine, the modern glass hemisphere of the shopping center, the Monument to the Independence - a column rising 50 meters high and so on.
Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
Lavra means 'monastery' and Pechersk is a name derived from 'pechery' meaning 'caves'. That and more you will find when visiting the most significant sightseeing point in Kiev. It is the oldest Orthodox monastery in Ukraine that attracted thousands of pilgrims and many monks. The buildings were destroyed by fire and later also during the Nazi occupation but it was always reconstructed. Nowadays it is a UNESCO heritage with lots of tourists visiting. The caves are small and narrow, stretching several hundred meters and up to 20 meters under ground. Some of the monks dug into their caves and decided to stay there forever with just a small hole allowing food and water to be passed in. Once dead, they were left and buried there - you can see the embalmed bodies in glass coffins. The caves are a very holy place and you have to dress appropriately to get in, women need to cover their head with a scarf (own or borrowed or bought on the spot). Apart from the caves you can climb up the Bell Tower for a beautiful view, visit different churches, the Uspenski Cathedral, cemetery, tombs and several museums.
St. Vladimir's Cathedral
It took 34 years, many changes in planning, dismissal of several architects and lots of artists to complete the construction of this beautiful cathedral. It was officially consecrated in the presence of Tsar Nikolay II in 1896. The interior walls are covered with paintings from various artists, from outside the bright colours and strong Byzantium style make St. Vladimir truly eye-catching.
St. Sophia's Cathedral
St. Sophia's Cathedral was constructed in early 11th century and at that time was a mighty impressive complex. Inside you will find amazing mosaics and frescoes, some of which also had to be restored. In one of the altars there is a white sarcophagus with remains of Yaroslav the Wise and his wife Iryna.
Mikhailovskiy Monastery
This gold-domed cathedral is located just opposite the Sophia Cathedral, on Mikhailovskaya Square. It was constructed, repaired and reconstructed many times over nine centuries. In 1930 the complex was partially destroyed as it was being rebuilt into a governmental building for Bolsheviks. In 1937 they demolished it altogether. It was restored between 1997 and 2000. You'll find a memorial plate of N. Makarenko who refused to sign the demolition act in 1937 and was sent to a jail in Novosibirsk. There is an observation platform, a permanent exhibition and you'll find many beautiful mosaics, frescoes and icons inside.
Mariyinskiy Palace
This baroque palace was completed in 1752 for Empress Elisabeta Petrovna. It burnt down in 1819 and was later reconstructed again to accommodate monarchs and high ranking officials from Russia and it serves the purpose till present day - for presidential and other important meetings.
Opera House
The Ukrainian National Opera was built in 1856, burnt down 40 years later and there was a competition for new design. Viktor Shreter from Petersburg won and built the Renaissance style theater in 1901. Many famous artists have performed here.
Andreevski Spusk
Andreevski Spusk is the Montmartre of Kiev. There is a market of arts and crafts on the steep street and many artists are closely connected with the street. Mikhail Bulgakov lived in the Turbin house on Andreevski Spusk for more than a decade. The house is the scene of 'The White Guard' and 'The Days of the Turbins' and is now Bulgakov's museum. Not far away - house number 2b - is the One Street Museum, one of the most famous and popular museums in Kiev with a small but lovely exposition.
St. Andrey's church
Saint Andrey's Church was also declared a museum in 1968. It was built in the 18th century for Empress Elisabeth Petrovna who also laid the first foundation stone of it herself. She engaged her favourite architect F. B. Rastrelli, the interior was decorated by many artists including A. Antropov. Unfortunately the Empress died before the work was finished and it was a struggle to keep the church maintained. After several reconstructions the church changed too much from its original but luckily Ratsrelli's plans were found and in 1970s it was fully restored.
House with Chimeras
Built by V. Gorodezhkiy in the beginning of 20th century, this house is quite extraordinary. It was the first house built with cement, it is on a very steep slope and sinking now. It is called the House with Chimeras because the facade is decorated with strange sculptures of elephants, rhinoceroses, frogs, lizards and such. There are many legends about the construction. One is that the architect's daughter committed suicide, he became slightly crazy and built this gloomy house in her memory.
The Peoples Friendship Arch Monument
This monument in Krehsatyk Park was constructed in 1982 to celebrate the union of Russia and Ukraine. It is a huge, 30 meters long, rainbow-shaped arch with statues of Russian and Ukrainian workers. There is a very nice view over the park, river and opposite bank.
Rodina Mat (Motherland)
The 530-ton metal statue is 68 m high, standing on a 40 m pedestal and she's holding a 12-ton sword in her right hand and the USSR symbol in the left. L. Brezhnev opened the monument in 1981. Currently there is the Great Patriotic War museum. In the Memorial Hall there are hundreds of funeral letters to the dead soldiers on display. Every year on Victory day the Fire of Glory is lit here.
Podol
Podol district of Kiev is very popular for its special atmosphere, many bars, cafes and restaurants, proximity to the river and sightseeing points. It is also a district with many lives - it was destroyed by floods, fire, enemies and planned to be demolished but it never disappeared. On Kontraktova Plosha visit Gostinny Dvor, the Church of the Blessed Virgin Pirogoshya, the former Greek monastery or the Kiev Mohyla Academy. Near Poshtova Plosha there is the river station where boats depart for sightseeing tours on one side and the funicular can take you back uptown on the other.
Holy Trinity (St. Yonah's) Monastery
The monastery was founded over Zvirinets caves in 1864. 800 monks lived in the monastery before 1917. There were two churches in the monastery: Holy Trinity Cathedral and Holy Protection Church. In 1934 the monastery was closed and Holy Protection Church was destroyed. In 1991 the monastery was reopened. Zvirinets caves are as ancient as the Lavra caves.
St. Cyril's Church
In 1139 Prince Vsevolod of Chernigiv founded a monastery dedicated to his divine patron - St. Cyril of Alexandria. Vsevolod's wife Maria constructed St. Cyril's Church in the monastery. In 1786 the monastery was closed. The hospital was situated in the former monks' cells. In 1860 frescoes of the 12th century were discovered during the renovation of the church. 800 sq. m of frescoes were restored. Some of wall paintings and the icons of the iconostasis were made by Russian artist M. Vrubel at the end of the 19th century. Since 1963 St. Cyril's Church is a branch of St. Sofia Preserve. The divine service was resumed in 1993.
Pushkinskaya Street
Walking around Kyiv, most of us never lift our eyes from the pavement, even to look up at buildings with bright shop windows. But the facades of many buildings often remind us how nice some city streets are. One of them is Pushkinska Street near the downtown.
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2.3 - USSR Failure and Collapse (Commanding Heights Sample)
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